EN31 is a high carbon Alloy steel which achieves a high degree of hardness with compressive strength and abrasion resistance.

Properties	Metric	Imperial
Density	7.85 g/cc	0.284 lb/in3

Forging

Forge at 1000°/1050°C. Heat slowly, allowing sufficient time at the forging temperature for the steel to be thoroughly soaked through. Re-heat as often as necessary to keep the temperature above 850°C. After forging cool very slowly, preferably in a furnace.

Annealing

Heat uniformly to 800°C, equalize, then furnace cool. (Hardness about 229 Brinell).

Stress Relieving

If machining operations have been heavy or if the tool has an unbalanced section, remove stresses before hardening by heating up to 700°C, equalize, then cool slowly.

Hardening

Heat uniformly to 800/820°C until heated through. Allow 30 minutes per inch of ruling section and quench immediately in oil.

Tempering

Heat uniformly and thoroughly at the selected tempering temperatures and hold for at least one hour per inch of total thickness

Tempering °C	100	150	200	v250	300	350
HRc	64/63	63/62	62/61	60/59	57/56	54/53

Physical Properties

Name of Material	Composition in % of Weight		Thermal conductivity W/m-k	Density Kg/m^3	Melting Point
	C	Mn Si Cr S P Mg
En-31 IS-103 Crl	1.5	0.52 0.22 1.3 0.05 0.05 -	46.6	7810	1540

Mechanical Properties

Element	Objective
Tensile Strength	750 N/mm²
Yield Stress	450 N/mm²
Reduction of Area	45%
Elongation	30%
Modulus of elasticity	215 000 N/mm²
Density	7.8 Kg/m3
Hardness	63 HRC

Heat Treatment

Element	Objective
Hardening Temperature	802˚- 860˚ C
Quenching Medium	Oil
Tempering Temperature	180˚- 225˚ C
Brinell-Rockwell Hardness	59 - 65